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Navigation: Home » Blog » 2019 federal income tax brackets and retirement contribution limits

2019 federal income tax brackets and retirement contribution limits

By Andrew C. • Updated: December 31, 2019 • 3 min read • Leave a Comment

2019
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Ho hum, 2019 is here.

The Trump tax cuts that went into effect last year (2018) were a major overhaul of the tax code.

Let’s talk about what the biggest changes mean for you, along with discussing 2019 federal tax brackets, retirement account contribution limits, and income phaseout thresholds.

In this post:

  1. Federal income tax rates for 2019
  2. Standard deduction + personal exemption for 2019
  3. Phaseouts for 2019
  4. Alternative Minimum Tax
  5. Foreign earned income exclusion
  6. Retirement & tax-advantaged accounts
  7. Roth IRA Income Limits
  8. IRA Deduction Phaseouts

 

1. Federal income tax rates for 2019
Single Filers
If you make......your marginal rate is......so you will be taxed
$0-9,70010%10% of taxable income
$9,700-39,47512%$970 + 12% of excess over $9,700
$39,475-84,20022%$4,543 + 22% of excess over $39,475
$84,200-160,72524%$14,382.50 + 24% of excess over $84,200
$160,725-204,10032%$32,748.50 + 32% of excess over $160,725
$204,100-510,30035%$46,628.50 + 35% of excess over $204,100
$510,300+37%$153,798.50 + 37% of excess over $510,300
Married Filing Jointly + Surviving Spouses
If you make......your marginal rate is......so you will be taxed
$0-19,40010%10% of taxable income
$19,400-78,95012%$1,940 + 12% of excess over $19,400
$78,950-168,40022%$9,086 + 22% of excess over $78,950
$168,400-321,45024%$28,765 + 24% of excess over $168,400
$321,450-408,20032%$65,497 + 32% of excess over $321,450
$408,200-612,35035%$93,257 + 35% of excess over $408,200
$612,350+37%$164,709.50 + 37% of excess over $612,350
Married Filing Separately
If you make......your marginal rate is......so you will be taxed
$0-9,70010%10% of taxable income
$9,700-39,47512%$970 + 12% of excess over $9,700
$39,475-84,20022%$4,543 + 22% of excess over $39,475
$84,200-160,72524%$14,382.50 + 24% of excess over $84,200
$160,725-204,10032%$32,748.50 + 32% of excess over $160,725
$204,100-306,17535%$46,628.50 + 35% of excess over $204,100
$306,175+37%$82,354.75 + 37% of excess over $306,175
Filing Head of Household
If you make......your marginal rate is......so you will be taxed
$0-13,85010%10% of taxable income
$13,850-52,85012%$1,385 + 12% of excess over $13,850
$52,850-84,20022%$6,065 + 22% of excess over $52,850
$84,200-160,70024%$12,962 + 24% of excess over $84,200
$160,700-204,10032%$31,322 + 32% of excess over $160,700
$204,100-510,30035%$45,210 + 35% of excess over $204,100
$510,300+37%$152,380 + 37% of excess over $510,300
Taxable Trusts & Estates
If you make......your marginal rate is......so you will be taxed
$0-2,60010%10% of taxable income
$2,600-9,30024%$260 + 24% of excess over $2,600
$9,300-12,75035%$1,868 + 35% of excess over $9,300
$12,750+37%$3,075.50 + 37% of excess over $12,750
2. Standard deduction + personal exemption for 2019
Standard Deduction + Personal Exemption
Filing Status20182019
Single$12,000$12,200
Married Jointly + Surviving Spouses$24,000$24,400
Married Separately$12,000$12,200
Head of Household$18,000$18,350
Personal Exemption$0$0
Additional standard deduction for 65 and older or blind taxpayers$1,300 / married payer
$1,600 / unmarried payer
$1,300 / married payer
$1,650 / unmarried payer
3. Phaseouts for 2019

Pease phaseout

Prior to 2018, high earners itemizing deductions might have those deductions phased out by the Pease phaseout limits.

The Pease phaseout limits applied to: charitable deductions, home mortgage interest, state and local tax deductions, and other misc itemized deductions. They do not apply to medical expenses, investment expenses, gambling losses, or certain theft and casualty losses.

Starting in 2018 (continuing 2019), Pease phaseout limits no longer apply.

4. Alternative Minimum Tax

AMT is a Congress-enacted parallel tax system that is intended to ensure high earners don’t take too many itemized deductions to avoid their fair share of taxes. AMT requires taxpayers to compute their tax bill twice: once using regular tax rates, then again using AMT rates. You pay the higher of the two.

AMT uses a different definition of taxable income called Alternative Minimum Taxable Income (AMTI). As with the standard deduction, AMT lets you exempt a fixed amount from your AMTI. The 2019 exemptions amounts are:

AMT Exemptions
Filing Status20182019
Single$70,300$71,700
Married Jointly$109,400$111,700
Married Separately$54,700$55,850
Trusts & Estates$24,600$25,000

However, the AMT exemption phases out for high earners at a rate of 25 cents per dollar earned after AMTI exceeds a certain threshold. Those thresholds for 2019 are:

AMT Exemption Phaseout
Filing Status20182019
Single$500,000$510,300
Married Jointly$1,000,000$1,020,600
Married Separately$500,000$510,300
Trusts & Estates$82,050$83,500

AMT is charged at 26% of AMTI. However, once your AMTI exceeds a certain threshold, that rate increases to 28%. In 2019, the 28% rate applies to any AMTI exceeding…

AMT 28% Rate Thresholds
Filing Status20182019
Single$191,500$194,800
Married Jointly$191,500$194,800
Married Separately$95,750$97,450
Trusts & Estates$191,500$194,800

No, that’s not a typo. It’s $194,800 for EVERYONE except married taxpayers filing separately.

5. Foreign earned income exclusion

If you live abroad, the 2019 Foreign Earned Income Exclusion is $105,900, up from $103,900 in 2018 and $102,100 in 2017. I previously wrote about how to take advantage of the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion.

6. Retirement & tax-advantaged accounts

If you have a retirement account or HSA, there are some increases to 401k and HSA contribution limits you should be aware of.

Also, remember the “Last Month Rule” for HSAs: if you’re enrolled in an HSA-eligible high-deductible health plan on December 1 of a given year, you are considered eligible to contribute the full-year maximum to an HSA for that year instead of simply making a 1-month pro rata contribution for December. However, if you do that you must stay covered by an HDHP through December 1 of the following year, or else risk tax penalties on your prior-year HSA contributions.

Contribution Limits for Retirement & Tax Advantaged Accounts
Account Type20182019
401k, Roth 401k, Solo 401k, Solo Roth 401k, 403b, 457 plans$18,500$19,000
Additional catchup contributions for
age 50+ on ALL 401k varieties, 403b, and 457 plans
$6,000$6,000
IRA, Roth IRA plans$5,500$6,000
Additional catchup contributions for
age 50+ on IRA and Roth IRA plans
$1,000$1,000
SIMPLE 401k, SIMPLE IRA plans$12,500$13,000
Additional catchup contributions for
age 50+ on SIMPLE 401k and SIMPLE IRA plans
$3,000$3,000
Max contribution for ALL defined contribution plans: Solo 401k, Solo Roth 401k, SEP-IRA plans$55,000$56,000
Individual HSA$3,450$3,500
Minimum annual deductible for HSA’s High-Deductible Health Plan$1,350$1,350
Max annual out-of-pocket limit for HSA’s High-Deductible Health Plan$6,650$6,750
Family HSA$6,900$7,000
Minimum annual deductible for family HSA HDHP$2,700$2,700
Max annual out-of-pocket limit for family HSA HDHP$13,300$13,500
7. Roth IRA Income Limits

Remember that Roth IRAs are subject to contribution limits based on how much income you earn. As your income increases, your max contribution decreases on a sliding scale, and it eventually goes to zero. See how to calculate the exact amount your Roth IRA contribution will be reduced by.

If your filing status is...And your modified AGI is...Then you can contribute to a Roth IRA...
married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er)< $193,000$6,000 per spouse
> $193,000 but < $203,000a reduced amount
> $203,000zero
married filing separately and you lived with your spouse at any time during the year< $10,000a reduced amount
> $10,000zero
single, head of household, or married filing separately and you did not live with your spouse at any time during the year< $122,000$6,000
> $122,000 but < $137,000a reduced amount
> $137,000zero
8. IRA Deduction Phaseouts

IRA contributions are tax-deductible; Roth IRA contributions are not.

IRA income limits may reduce the tax deductibility of your IRA contribution on a sliding scale as your income increases, eventually reducing your deduction to zero.

There are 2 versions of this deduction phaseout: (1) when you are covered by another retirement plan at work, and (2) when you are not.

If you are already covered by another retirement plan at work (which includes a SEP-IRA, SIMPLE, or Solo 401k), then the income limits for your IRA tax deductibility are:

If your filing status is...And your modified AGI is...Then for your IRA you can take...
married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er)< $103,000full deduction up to contribution limit
> $103,000 but < $123,000partial deduction
> $123,000no deduction
married filing separately and you lived with your spouse at any time during the year< $10,000partial deduction
> $10,000no deduction
single, head of household, or married filing separately and you did not live with your spouse at any time during the year< $64,000full deduction up to contribution limit
> $64,000 but < $74,000partial deduction
> $74,000no deduction

On the other hand, if you are NOT covered by an existing retirement plan, then the income limits governing your IRA tax deductibility are:

If your filing status is...And your modified AGI is...Then for your IRA you can take...
single, head of household, qualifying widow(er), or married filing separately and you did NOT live with your spouse at any time during the yearNo limitfull deduction up to contribution limit
married filing jointly or separately + spouse is NOT covered by a plan at workNo limitfull deduction up to contribution limit
married filing jointly + spouse IS covered by a plan at work< $193,000full deduction up to contribution limit
> $193,000 but < $203,000partial deduction
> $203,000no deduction
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I started Hack Your Wealth in 2015 because I was frustrated by the quality of “financial independence, retire early” (FIRE) content on the web. I found much of it to be generic personal debt journeys, but that didn’t help me because I already routinely saved over half my income. What I wanted instead was deep, analytical, step-by-step insights – and hardcore spreadsheet tools to match! – on how to rapidly grow wealth and manage it strategically and tax-efficiently to get to financial independence…all while raising a family. So as I became increasingly expert in wealth management, tax-planning, and estate planning, I started documenting the biggest strategies I was thinking long and hard about. That content became HYW.

What are my bona fides? I cut my teeth at McKinsey and HGGC private equity (Bain Capital spinout), picking up a CFA along the way, before going into product at LinkedIn, Redfin, Pinterest, and Google. BA from UT-Austin, JD from Harvard Law School. Licensed to practice law in NY, CA, and HI.

These days, I get a kick out of interviewing guests on the HYW podcast about wealth management, tax-planning strategies, and life hacks; getting the occasional dopamine rush after scoring a juicy travel hack award; and showing my hilarious and silly(!) daughter all the tricks she needs to know to have an epic childhood. Read more about my story.

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